DHAMMACHAKRA PARVARTAN DIN : SHODH ANI BODH

DHAMMACHAKRA PARVARTAN DIN : SHODH ANI BODH

            samyak sambodhi prapta zalyavar bhagwan buddhani jo pratham dhammopdesh kela. to stripitakat "dhammachakra pavattan sutta" mhanun oalakhla jato.ya suttat ase mhatale ahe ki, majzippa patipada tathagaten abhisambuddha upasamay, abhidyanaya, sambodhaya, nibbaanaya savantati !! eatan bhagwanta varanasiya zasipatade migadaye anuttaran dhammachakra pavattitan !!

           (sanyukta nikay, dhammachakra pavattan sutta) yaca  artha tathagatani jo madhyam marga janala ahe. (abhisambodhay) to dyanpratisati ahe, santisati (upashaman) ahe, samyak sambodhisati  ahe, nirvanasati ahe. asha sarvasreshtha  (anuttaro) dhammaca varanasitil mrugadaya vanamadhe pratham upadesh karun dhamma pravatit karun (pavattit) kele. dhamma mhanje boudha tatvadyananusar jivan jagnyaca marga, chakra mhanje tya margavarun chalavnyaca anishtha prathaca tyag karun parishuddha dhammaca swikar karnyaci sampurna prakriya ani pravatran mhanje ya prakriyela veg deun ti gatiman karane. ha upadesh karit asatana to pataon denyasati dhammachakra pravatan mudedware  bhagwan buddhani donhi hatani sanketatmak  nirdesh karun sangitale ki, kamlace phool jase ekek  pakali karun alagat umalate tashi pratek manushyat buddhatwachi bije haluhalu vikashit karyace kam dhamaa karit asato. mhanje dhammachakra pravatan mudet bhagwan buddhacya ujawya hataca bothani kamalrupi dhamma ulagadun dakhavila ahe.

          boudha dhammaca itihasanusar ya deshmadhe tin dhammachakra pravatane ghatali. parivartanacya ya tin ghatana manvi manacya samyak mhananyace  karan ase ki, hi tinhi pravatane tya tya kalat kayamswarupi  rujali geli aahet. pahile dhammachakra pravantan he bhagwan buddhani  e. sa. pu. 528 cya ashathi  pournimela sarnatha yethe ghatavile, tyace pratham upadeshane prabhavit houn pach brahman parivrajjakani aapala paramparik dharma sodun boudha dhammaca swikar kela. mhanjech tyace parivartan houun te navin jivan margala lagale. tyanusar  boudhakalanusar te sramath ashokacya kalaparyanta dhammachakra pravartan din ha 'ashathi pournimela' ya titthinusar sajara kela jai. karan tya kalat pachshimatya kalganana asthitwat nhawati; parantu ji kalganana asthitwat hoti tyanusar bhagwan budhani aashat pournimela suru kelela dhammachakra pravartan dinha sramath ashokacya kalat vijayadarshmi ya tithit kasa parivatrit zala  yaca abhyas karane kramprapta tharte.sramath ashokane kalingavar vijay prapta kelyanantar aath varsha to bhikshu  sanghacya  sahavasat rahila ani vijayadarshamilach tyane  upagupta ya bhikshukadun boudh dhammaci diksha ghetali. ta aath varshat tyane prajadharma, rajdharma, ani nitidharma ya dharmanitipramane aacharan karun prajela  abhay dile. anek prakarcya sukhsoyi nirman prajela sukhi kele, panchshilavar "dussehara" hi acharsahita lagu karun prajela boudha dhammaci diksha dili, tyaca kartrutwane tatkalin praja itaki bharaun geli ki, tyani bhagwan buddhaca ashath pournima ha dhammachakra pravartan din bajula theuun sramath ashokane jya diwasi boudha dhammaci dhiksha ghetali to diwas mhanje "vijayadarshmi" ha din dhammchakra pravartan din mhanun palhayala prarambh kela. ashaprakare dhammachakra pravartanaci dusari ghatana hi ashwin suddha  darshmila sramath ashokane ghatavili. ahe.aapalya prajesathi daha nititatwe ashleli  "dussehara" navachi aacharsahita aamlat anun sarva prajela boudh dharmace palan karnyaca  adesh dila  ti daha niti tatwe ghalilpramane  hoti,

·                     dharmik karyasati kinwa anya kontyahi karanasati  pashuhatya na karne.

·                     kunacihi chori kinwa fasawnuk na karne.

·                     vyabhichar  kinwa parsri gaman na karne.

·                     ghote na bolane.

·                     madyapan na karane.

·                     manusakica titkara sodun dene.

·                     manasacya jatipeksha tyacya gunacha shresh manane.

·                     veira shodlyane veira santa hote he lakshat thevane.

·                     bahujan hitaya bahujan sukhay ya tatwas vishru naye.

·                     niti niyamance palan kelyash param sukhaca labha hoto, he vishru naye. (sandabha- prasenjit vadvalkar, dhamma pravachane)

ya aacharsanhitenusar sramath ashokacya kalapasun te dr. babasaheb ambedkarancya (1956) kalaparyant "dhammachakra pravanrtan din ha ashoka vijaya darshami mhanun dussehara ya tithila sajara kela jat ase. tisare dhammachakra pravartan he dr. ambedkaranni  nagpur yethe apalya lakho anuyayana boudha dhammaci diksha deun 14 october, 1956 roji  ashoka vijayadarshmi (dussehara) cya diwasi ghatavile. khar mhanje dr. babasaheb ambedkaranna tyapurvi dhammadiksheca karyakram thevala aala ashta; parantu 1956 sali yenari boudha dhammatil ashoka vijayadarshmi  ani 14 october  he ekach diwasi aalyane, ya etehasik  dinace  aouchitya  sadun tyani 14 october, 1956 roji tisare mahan dhammachakra pravartan ghatun aanale. ya diwasi lakho dalit anuyayanni aapala juna dharma sodun boudha dhammaca swikar kela. mhanun 1956 pasun 14 octomber ya dinashi aapale nate julhale. dr. babasaheb ambedkaranni boudha dhamma swikarlya nantar paramparik dharmakade hindu dharma kade kadich valhale nahit tase aajace dharmatarit boudh paripurna  adharsh boudh dharmiya banale aahet kay? yace uttar khedane 'nahi' asech yete. aajacya boudhani sarvajanik (samajik) staravar boudh dharma swikarla, pan vaiyaktitk pavale matra ajunahi paramparik  dharmatach adhkaleli disun yetat. yace karan jya  gaabhiryane  tya dhammaca  abhyas karun to pratyaksh  acharanat anavayas pahije hota, tase ghathle nahi. parinami 1956 nantar boudha samaj donhi dharmavar sraddha  theun jamat rahila ani tyacaach  ek bhag mhanun aapan adyanapoti dhammachakra pravartan din ha 14 october evaji 'vijayadarshmi' ya tithila sajara karto. te chukice ahe. 1956 cya dhammachakra pravartan  parvanantar aapan ambedkari  adesh shirsavandya manale ahet. mhanun 14 april, 6 december he diwas apan tarkhenusar sajare karto. tasach dhammachakra pravartan din ha sudha 14 october ya tarkhela sajara kela pahije ase maje spashta mat ahe. kalikat vidyapithacya 1975 salacya abhyas pathakacya nishkarshanusar kaling  yudhapurvihi sramath ashok ha raja hota va tyala apalya rajyacya bougolik pradeshaci ani rajyacya etihasaci mahiti hoti. mhanje sramath ashokala bhagwan buddhaca janma, tyanna prapta zaleli sambodhi ani tyace mahaparinirvana ya vishayi agodarpasun mahiti asavi. keval kaling yudhasamaptinantar eka bhikshucya upadeshamul tyace dhole ughatale va tyala hazaro-lakho sainik marlyaca prashcyatap houn tyane boudh dhamma swikarla ase zalele nasave, karan ya ghatanenantar (yudhanantar)v tyane 8 varshani boudha dhammaci diksha ghetali ahe. e sa. pu. 262 madhe kaling yudhat milavilelya vijayaca dahava ha ashwin mahinyat shukla pashatil dahava diwas hota va ashwin ha mahina pashcatya kalmapananusar october mahina yeto, mhanun e. sa. pu. 262 cya ashwin shudha darshmiparyant solar calender nusar  mage gelyas to diwas 14 octomber yeto he sanshodhanaanti  shiddha zalele ahe.ashwin mahinyat  bharpur paus zalela asawa, karan ya yudhace varnan hadamasaca cikhal ani raktace ghat vahile ase kele jate te atishyoktipurna vatate. khare mhanje pavsane zalely cikhalat sainikance mrutdeha virkhurlele asavet ani pur aalelya nadit rakta mislele gelyane puracya panyala lal rang  aala aasawa, he vastustitidarshak vatate ani he sarva varnan october mahinyat  honarya pavsalhi  vatavarnashi julate. mhanje  yavarun  hech  sidha  hote ki, ashok vijayadarshamica diwas 14 october 1956 ya diwasi  vijayadarshami hoti mhanun babasaheb ambedkaranni  to diwas niwadla, he hi khare asle tari  etisaci nondh tarkhani hote. tyamule babasaheb ambedkaracya charitratil tarikh ti nondh 14 octomber, 1956 ya tarkhacich rahil. yat vad nahi. 23 september 1956 roji  babasahebani press trust of india (PTI) yasarkhya vruthsansdyana  diksheci tarikh 14 october 1956 nichit keli aswhlyace kalavale hote, parantu to diwas dussehara ashlyace namudkele hote. te vakya ase hote.

'It will talk place at Nagpur  on the Dussehara day, i.e.14th octobar, 156. The ceremony of conversion will take place between 9 to 11 a.m (dusseharacya diwasi, ta. 14 octobar 1956 roji...)

ase namud  ashlyasmule  tya diwasi  dussehara hota mhanun to diwas  niwadla he tar nishcitac ahe. parantu, 14 october  hi tarikh nishcit karya magehi karan hote ani mala vatate he karan khupac mahtwace ahe. boudh  vidhvan J.F. FLIT ani P.L.narasu yanni budhacya mahaparinirvanaci tarikh 13 octobar dili ahe. tasech wamanrao godbole yannihi tyacya pustakat dilelya mahitinusar, krishtacya janmacya 483 varshapurvi 13 octobar ya tarkhesh bhagwan budha kushinagar yethe sayakali pohocale hote va tethech sakali 2-4 cya  darmyan mhanje chouthya yamat tyace 'mahaparinirvana' zale, ase anek boudh vidvanace mat ahe. asha prakare 13 octobar 1956 la chandravar adharit  calendar pramane tyace mahaparinirvanas 2500 varsh hotat va chandravar adharit calendar suryodayapurvi  jari ti 13 tarikh hoti tari aapan aaj 12 vajeparyant ti 14 tarikh zali asha prakare ti tarikh nivadlyamage budhace  mahaparinirvan he vishesh prayojan hote, hehi vishrun chalnar nahi.

          bhartiya kalmapan padhthti va pashcatyapadhthti yat barach farak ahe. bhartiya kalmapan padhthti hi shalvahan shake, vikramsanvat ani chandracya gativar adharit ashlyane, chandravarshapramane yenarya tithinusar  ganali jate, tyat krushnapaksh, shuklapaksh, amavashya ani pournima yetat. tyala aapan lunar celendar (panchag) mhanun olakhto. tar pashchtya kalmapan padhthti hi suryacya gativar adharit ashlyane tila aapan sourvarsh (suryavarsh) calendar mhanun olakhato. va ti jasus chrishcya janmapasun tarkhenusar  ganali jate, mhanjech tila solar calenderhi mhatle jate. chandravarshavar asharit tithinusar, varshace 360 diwas hotat, tar pashchtya kalgananet varshace 365 diwas hotat. mhanje tithi va tarikh yat khup antar ahe. ya sarva parshvabhoomivar 14 octomber hi tarikh ani vijayadarshmi hi tithi yaca vichar kelyas  aapnas disun yete ki. ' ashok vijayadarshmi' ani 'dussehara' he pratek  varshi ekach diwasi yeiilach ase nahi.abhyasanti ase disun alre ahe ki, vijayadarshmi ani october he diwas dar 19 varshani ekach diwasi yetat, karan 14 octomber 1956 nantar  asa yog 1975 sali ani 1994 salat aala hota, yavarun asa yogayog punha 2013 sali yenyaci sakyata nakarta yet nahi.

           nagpur yethil 14 october 1956 cya dhammadiksha shohalyaca pahila vardhapan din ha 14 october 1957 la sajara hwayala pahile, pan tya varshici vijayadarshmi hi agodar  mhanjech 3 octomber roji ali, mhanun nagpurcya rajkiya netyani vijayadarshmi cya diwasich dhammachakra parvartan din sajara karun chukici pratha  padali, tasech shashnanehi 14 october evaji vijayadarshmilach sarvajanik sutti jahir karnyachi pratha suru kelyane lok vijayadarshmilach dhammachakra parvantan din samjun  dikshaboomivar jamle va tewhapasun (dussehara) ha paramparik san mhanjech dhammachakra pravantak din ashi samajaci dharana zali va aajatgajat ti pratha suruch ahe, ithe  mhatwachi ek goshta lakshat ghetli pahije ki, aantarrashtriya staravar  dhammachakra pravantan dinaci nondh hi 14 octobar ashich zaleli ahe, karan bharatashiway iter rashtramadhe ' vijayadarshmi' hi tithi kunalach mahit nasnar. japan, china, stayland, srilanka iter boudhdharmi rashtraca raashti vijayadarshmi tithishi sambandh naslyamule tyacya 4 te 14 hi tarikh dhammachakra pravartan din ahe. mhanun aantarrashtriya staravaril 14 octobar ya tarkhece mahatwa lakshayat gheun hach diwas apan 'dhammachakra pravanrtan din' manala pahije va sajari keli pahije.

          aajacya kahi vrutpatramadhe yasadbhat  kahi lekh vachtanat aale, tyat mhatle ahe ki, 1950 te 1956 ya kalat dr. ambedkaranni budha jayanti pournima ya tithinusar sajarya kelya, he khare ahe, yace karan  1950 te 1956 ha saha varshyaca kal boudhdhammacya  bijaropanaca kal ahe. ya kalat  babasaheb 'uddha ani tyaca dhamma' ya grandhace likhan karit hote. tyamule bhagwan budhacya jivanatil  pournimece  kiti mahatwa ahe he tyani janale hote. mhanunch  tyani budhajayanti  pournimecya tithinusar  sajarya kelya. dr. babasahen ambedkar he bhagwan budhacya vicharani  ani sramath ashokacya pracharkaryane prabhavit zale hote, tasech aaj 21cya shatkat aapan babasahebancya vicharani ani karyane prabhavit zalele ahot mhanun aapan ambedkari vichar ani aadesh shirsavandya  manle pahijet.tyachpramane dusare ase ki, dussehara ha mulca boudhaca san ahe, he khare asel tari kiti boudh dharmiyana dussehara madhil daha aacharasanhita dyant ahe? ani kiti lok dussehara san boudh padhthtine  palhtat? ulat ase disun yete ki , dhammavishayi  adyan ashlyane anek boudh bandhav dhammachakra parvantan dinaca uddesh samjun na gheta dussehara ha hinduca paramparik san manun gharat 'ghat' basavitat, sone mhanun eka vishista (aapata) zadaci pane vatat phirtat, shashtrachi (hatyaranchi) ani cimolladhan mhanun gharatil kartya purshala ovaltat. he gair ahe, tasech dusarya eka vrutpatrat mhatale ahe ki,1957 pasun aaj paryant aapan vijayadarshamilach dhammachakra parvanrtan din sajara karto mhanun yethun pudehi ho tyach diwasi sajara karava, ase kahi abhyasakance mhanane ahe . pan mag babasahebani dilelya 22 pratignya 1957 pasun apan pramanikpane palhato ahot ka? tyace manapasun korkorpane palan karto ka? apalyatil anek lok aajhi devdevtachi puja kariahet he yog ahe ka? dhamma jar parivartanshil ahe, ase aapan manto tar sandhodhanaanti jyashani yog vichar sapadala  to  budhatwaca kshan manun navin vichar swikarne aapale kartavya ahe. kahi abhyasakacya va vicharvantacya mate, "babasahebanci jayanti aapan sampurna mahine sajari karto, tyachpramane "dhammachakra pravartan din" sudha 14 octombar ya tarkhela va vijayadarshmi ya donhi prakare sajara karava, tyat vad-vivad karat basu naye, ya pechatun khare tar madhyamarga kadne far mahatwace ahe. khar tar dhammachakrala eka diwasapurti gati dyayci nasun gati denyaci prakriya  nirantar chalu thevali pahije ase mala manapasun vatate  va tyasati samasta bahujanani va visheshat tarunani bhariv karya he karavayas hawe!

                                                                                                                        - YATIN JADHAV

                                                                         (find fb - Yatin Jadhav / Y. M. Jadhav / Yatin Mohan Jadhav)